Electrical distribution systems are characterized by dynamic operating conditions and complex network topologies, which pose significant challenges for the effective deployment of protection schemes.

Abstract: Metaheuristics are widely recognized gradient-free solvers to hard problems that do not meet the rigorous mathematical assumptions of conventional solvers. The automated design of ...

This paper investigates the potential improvements in Free Space Optics (FSO) communication systems using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Pachycondyla Apicalis Algorithm (API). FSO ...