Spatial crowdsourcing (SC) plays a vital role in smart cities. Task allocation is a crucial problem in spatial crowdsourcing, which directly determines the quality and efficiency of task completion.

Sensor networks have emerged and have been successfully deployed to solve problems as diverse as detecting, controlling, floods the temperature in office buildings and monitoring hospital patients and ...

Effective task allocation has become a critical challenge for multi-robot systems operating in dynamic environments like search and rescue. Traditional methods, often based on static data and ...