The pulse width of the compact pulse cum frequency modulator can be varied by altering the change-over point of comparator IC1 with a control voltage via resistor R1. The hysteresis of the IC is ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...