Understanding how the brain learns and applies rules is the key to unraveling the neural basis of flexible behavior. A new study from the University of Toyama, Japan, reveals that our ability to ...

Drug addiction carries an extremely high risk of relapse, as cravings can be reignited by minor stimuli even long after one has stopped using. Previously, this phenomenon was attributed to a decline ...

Recent neuroscience studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have enhanced our understanding of how sleep is related to learning and memory. A study just reported in the journal ...

It is well established in psychology that humans conceptualize emotions by features known as valence (the degree of pleasantness or unpleasantness) and arousal (the intensity of bodily reactions, such ...

A study published in Nature on August 6, 2025, found that lithium is the only metal significantly depleted in the prefrontal ...

Neurodegenerative disease profoundly affects structures and pathways responsible for memory, cognition, and higher-order ...

Many horse owners think the existence of the prefrontal cortex is a major controversy in equine science. It’s not. It’s just an area that’s riddled with misinformation. Curiously, most people—horsey ...

Vision shapes behavior and, a new study by MIT neuroscientists finds, behavior and internal states shape vision. The research, published Nov. 25 in Neuron, finds in mice that via specific circuits, ...