Microsoft Excel relies on two fundamental reference types when addressing other cells. Absolute references -- which are denoted with a "$" -- lock a reference, so it will not change when copying the ...

Cells in Excel are referred to using relative or absolute references. A formula with relative references changes when the cell's position does. If, for example, a cell has a formula "=A1" and you copy ...

How to lock a formula in Excel is an essential skill for anyone who works with spreadsheets, especially when handling ...

An address or pointer that changes when the target item is moved or the relationship to it has changed. For example, in a spreadsheet, a cell with a relative reference changes its formula when copied ...

An address or pointer that does not change. For example, in a spreadsheet, a cell with an absolute reference does not change even if copied elsewhere. Contrast with relative reference. See explicit ...